Journal of integrative humanism ghana march, 2014 issn. Journal of the discovery of the source of the nile. At different times they were seen as an invading race that taught the blacks that existed in egypt everything they knew, and at others they were a miraculously indigenous white race that was the mother of egyptian civilization. The hamitic hypothesis reached its apogee in the work of c. According to the book of genesis, after noah became drunk and ham dishonored his father, upon awakening noah pronounced a curse on hams youngest son canaan, stating that his offspring would be servants of servants.
The alternative hypothesis states what we think is wrong about the null hypothesis, which is needed for step 2. It was formerly used for the afroasiatic hamitosemitic languages of the berber, cushitic and egyptian branches. In rwanda it was linked to preferential attitudes to the tutsis over the hutu. Racial christianity in the service of the business and political elites by. John hanning speke is the first white man to come into rwanda. Third, treating the hamitic hypothesis as a unique rwandan. Hamitic hypothesis synonyms, hamitic hypothesis pronunciation, hamitic hypothesis translation, english dictionary definition of hamitic hypothesis.
Of the primary sources currently collected the works and letters of henry stanley, john hanning speke, thomas wallace knox, and j. The term hamitic originally referred to the peoples said to be descended from ham, one of the sons of noah. Hamitic myth definition of hamitic myth by the free dictionary. Hamitic hypothesis definition of hamitic hypothesis by the. According to the hamitic theory, this hamitic race was superior to or more advanced than the negroid. Seligman, who argued in his book the races of africa 1930 that.
Namely the notion that since the tutsis were considered the hamitic race, the hutu could frame the tutsis as foreign invaders, as by definition, the hamitic race is synonymous with a settling identity. John hanning speke, the discovery of the source of the nile, 1863, chapter. Hamitic is an historical term for the peoples supposedly descended from noahs son ham, paralleling semitic and japhetic. Hypothesis relates theory to observation and observation to theory. However, since, unlike semitic, these branches have not been shown to form an exclusive monophyletic phylogenetic unit on their own separate from other afro. This theory was clearly a variety of scientific racism because europeans used it to declare the highly civilized and progressive elements of societies in central and southern africa as achievements that have been brought about by a more caucasian hamitic race that earlier migrated from northern. In the second half of the 19th century, the british explorer john hanning speke would further popularize the ancient hamitic peregrinations in his publications on his search for the source of the nile river. It states that everything of value ever found in africa was brought there by the hamites, allegedly a branch of the caucasian race. Other articles where hamitic hypothesis is discussed. In journal of the discovery of the source of the nile, john hanning speke concludes, regarding the wahumabahimaotherwise gallas or. The hamitic hypothesis proved a versatile tool for justifying discrimination, defamation and violence, but also a powerful social force in rallying nationalists around a notion of exclusivist hutuism, fostering the emergence of a predatory identity appadurai 2006, 51 against the batutsi. Race science was all the rage in europe in those days, and for students of central africa the key doctrine was the socalled hamitic hypothesis, propounded by john hanning speke, the nile. Hamitic simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Creswell, 1994 a research question is essentially a hypothesis asked in the form of a question. Nov 09, 2015 the hamitic hypothesis was a 19th century anthropological theory that claimed that humans originated in asia and then migrated to other regions of the world. May 08, 2020 may 8, 2020 admin music leave a comment on hamitic hypothesis pdf i. Colonial policies translated this scientific myth into laws and practices, thus establishing an order of racial favouritism that privileged the batutsi minority in sociopolitical life. This is a special case of the generalized continuum hypothesis gch which asserts that for all. The hamitic hypothesis, race and the rwandan genocide taylor. Briefly describe the history and who john hanning speke is and what the hamitic hypothesis is. A study of the racial hamitic theory, invented by john h speke in the 1850s, and its impact in colonial and postindependence administration in central africa. Hypothesis is a formal statement that presents the expected relationship between an independent and dependent variable. Cantors famous continuum hypothesis ch is the statement that 2.
Hamitic theory is a theory that claims that so called hamitic race is superior to the negroid races on the african continent. Speke, journal of the discovery of the source of the nile new york, 1964. His name could hardly have been more appropriate, since his life story james 1993 contained a number of features that evoked the legend of john henry, the steeldriving man. Hamitic hypothesis project gutenberg selfpublishing. The use in genocidal propaganda of a modified hamitic hypothesis. Steps in scientific research arizona state university. One virtue of gch is that it gives a complete solution to the problem of computing for 4. He is also known for propounding the hamitic hypothesis in 1863. Remember, our own personal hypothesis is the alternative hypothesis. Of or relating to the hamites or their languages or cultures. We used this source to determine how the belgians came to favor. Hamitic myth synonyms, hamitic myth pronunciation, hamitic myth translation, english dictionary definition of hamitic myth.
This paper explores the use of versions of the hamitic hypothesis by west african historians, with principal reference to amateur scholars rather than to academic historiography. Discovery of the source of the nile, john hanning speke concludes. To what extent did the hamitic myth prepare the ground for. Hamites is the name formerly used for some north african peoples by eurocentric anthropologists in the context of a nowoutdated model of dividing humanity into different races favored by white supremacists. The hamitic hypothesis in indigenous west african historical. Speke believed that his explorations uncovered the link between civilized north africa and primitive central africa. Study 81 terms an ordinary man test flashcards quizlet. The idea of the hamite developed initially from the hebrew biblical myth of the origins of humankind. A discussion of the media is therefore a useful focus for analysis. The term was originally borrowed from the book of genesis, where it is used for the descendants of ham, son of noah the term was originally used in contrast to the other two proposed. The hamitic hypothesis, race and the rwandan genocide article pdf available in social identities 124.
John hanning speke was seminal to the hamitic hypothesis which we know. This paper explores the use of versions of the hamitic hypothesis by west african historians, with principal reference to amateur scholars rather than to. The hamitic hypothesis affected the policies of european imperial powers in the twentieth century. In his book the mediterranean race 1901, he wrote that there was a distinct hamitic ancestral stock, which could be divided into two subgroups. Hamites is the name formerly used for some north african peoples by eurocentric. The hamitic hypothesis proved a versatile tool for justifying discrimination, defamation and violence, but also a powerful social force in rallying nationalists around a notion of exclusivist. When the white man came, he said that the tutsi were better because they looked more european. He is also known for propounding the hamitic hypothesis in 1863, in which he supposed that the wahuma ethnic group. Karl richard lepsius and carl meinhof extended the theory. Kerlinger, 1956 hypothesis is a formal statement that presents the expected relationship between an independent and dependent variable. A hypothesis is a conjectural statement of the relation between two or more variables. There exists a widely held belief in the western world that everything of value ever found in africa was brought there by these hamites, a people inherently superior to the native populations.
John hanning speke 4 may 1827 15 september 1864 was an english explorer and officer in the british indian army who made three exploratory expeditions to africa. The hamitic hypothesis was also used as justification for the mass killings of 1994. It becomes clear then that the hypothesis is symptomatic of the nature of race relations, that it has changed its content if not its nomen clature through time, and that it has become a problem of epistemology. The link between the economic elites that promote cheap labor which ultimately was the rationale behind slavery and racism is as undeniable as the fact that the sun rises in the east and so, unfortunately, is the link between political christianity and those same economic elites. The legend is familiar to most americans of a certain age. He is most associated with the search for the source of the nile and was the first european to reach lake victoria. A major contributing force to the animosity between hutu and tutsis is derived from spekes hamitic hypothesis. Although some reference is made to other areas, the main focus is on the yoruba, of southwestern nigeria, among whom an exceptionally prolific literature of. Born may 4, 1827 died september 15, 1864 occupation officer and explorer hamitic myth john hanning speke 18271864 john hanning speke 18271864 was a colonial explorer and officer in the british army and the ingenious architect of the hamitic myth. Then our null and alternative hypothesis could look something like. The hamitic hypothesis is wellknown to students of africa.
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